4600 (est.) years ago, Egypt Abu Aswan's ancestors used hereditary Levitation to construct the pyramids at Giza. This is relevent because it shows a precedent for genetic inheritance of abilities (alla the Parkman's) and also hints at a connection to the Company with the pyramid in the Vault.
1671 A.D. Kyoto, Japan Adam Monroe manifests Regeneration, and over a decade later also learns he does not age. This transforms his thinking from that of a self-serving mercenary into a arrogant, narccissistic manipulator with delsuions of divinity.
1747, Milan, Italy Adam's wife Maria bears him two sons appearing to be about 3(?) years apart. Adam deserts them, leaving only two sacks of coins. This is important, considering what we know of hereditary nature of abilities, creating a possible ability-bloodline in Italy. Abilities appear to be more likely if one or more parents manifests, even if not being identical in nature to those of the parents.
1777, Port Arlesburgh Adam meets only the second person with abilities (after Hiro) he's yet encountered, "Evan" and fights him in the Revolutionary War, eventually losing. This causes him to remark: "I was alone. While Gods should have disciples." This, I believe, marks the moment when Adam conceived the idea of "the Company" as we know it, albeit in a different incarnation with different intentions. His phrasing is important as Bob would eventually tell Nathan, "Linderman was Adam's disciple." (Also of note is that this encounter showed Adam capable and comfortable with military command.)
1962 Primatech Paper Co. opens. Rather than being a legitimate business that was later taken over by the Company, I believe the whole thing was a front from the start created by Adam. As an immortal, he would have access to "treasures" from history to bankroll himself (alla the Vampire Lestat), and would have (presumably) great personal wealth even before recruiting Bob.
1965 Angela marries Arthur Petrelli. Having Precognition (presumably), does Angela know of her future husband's abilities before he does (as later happens with their children)? Or, as was the case that was implied with Linderman hooking up Niki with D.L., did Adam play a part in their matchmaking?
November, 1968, Vietnam An A4 Skyhawk is sent in violation of peace talks to eliminate a target named Au Co. The Skyhawk is shot down and a secret team including Arthur Petrelli and Daniel Linderman is sent to recover it. Petrelli decides to complete the Skyhawk's mission after the entire team save he and Linderman are killed by a surprise attack. The target turns out to be not a village, but rather another evolved-human girl named Au Co. Whether this was known to the ones who sent the original A4 Skyhawk is not mentioned, yet why would the government elimate a simple high-yield farm in the midst of peace talks? How were two (at least) evolved humans placed on the same team to cover it up? The whole things smacks of someone with influence, foreknowledge and a clear agenda pulling strings behind the scenes. (Also of note is that Arthur Petrelli at no time in this entire event displayed anything that could solely be atrributed to an ability, and was genuinely astonished when witnessing Linderman do so. So if it was intent that paired him with Linderman, it was by someone who knew he had an ability before he did, which is proven by the fact his name is on the list later obtained by Linda.)
1972 Linda Tavara, an evolved human with the ability to identify other EH's on sight by their distinct "auras" and steal their abilities and lifeforce with a draining touch, is approached by a mysterious woman with a job offer. The woman gives her the names and general locations of several EH's, which Linda, an accomplished bounty hunter, is supposed to track down and bring in. Thus, the "Bag and Tags" have begun. What this demonstates is a fledgling version of the Company, which already has a list of EH's, and the ability to track down their generalized locations, in existence at least 5 years before the one acknowledged by Bob.
1972 (Autumn) Daniel Linderman, after being approached, then attacked by Linda Tavara, strikes her with a tree branch, leaving her in a pool of blood. The next panel in the GN is cryptic, showing a skull and bones engulfed in fire, to which some say represents him burning her corpse, but which I believe to be a metaphoric recollection of his time in the war, thus leaving the chance Linda lived. In any event, Linderman uses her notebook to hook up with Arthur Petrelli, thus beginning their long partnership.
1977 As explained to Mohinder by Bob: "The Company was formed 30 years ago with a group of like-minded individuals." and: "Adam convinced us that we belong together, that we could make the world a better place for our children, for you". The list of Founders is: Arthur Petrelli, Daniel Linderman, Angela Petrelli, Robert Bishop, Kaito Nakamura, Victoria Pratt, Harry Fletcher, Paula Gramble, Charles Deveaux, Carlos Mendez, Maury Parkman and an "unknown female".
Feb. 14th, 1977 Victoria Pratt retrieves a virus from Shanti Suresh and soon begins the weaponization of it. Shanti dies soon after, thus triggering her father Chandra's interest in genetic research. Shanti's mother stated: "From the moment she was born, we knew she was special." It is not known what that statement means, whether it be an admission that Shanti had already manifested, or just the reminiscing of a proud mother. Whether the Founders revealed their abilities to Suresh when they obtained the virus from his daughter is unclear, but seems doubtful as none of them were on his list, despite the names of their children being so.
November 2nd, 1977 After attempting to release strain 138 of the Shanti virus (which is lethal not only to EH's but also everyone else too) Adam Monroe is imprisoned indefinitely by Kaito Nakamura. Victoria Pratt leaves the Company to live in solitude, horrorstruck by the events. This is the year, 1977, that Bob gives as the "founding" of the Company. This suggests to me that the "coup" against Adam was embraced by the the 12, and a new, toned-down agenda was agreed upon. There seems dissention even this far back, as Maury Parkman was seemingly in hiding and began helping Adam when he escaped 30 years later.
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This is as far as I'm going for right now. My next task is to recreate the Bomb plot. I believe history is set until someone with the ability to preconceieve it actively begins changing it. Until the appearance of Hiro Nakamura, (and to a lesser extent, Sylar) this wasn't a factor. Hope to hear what you all think!